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1.1: Introduction to organic chemistry
WebOrganic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon is singled out because it has a chemical diversity unrivaled by any other chemical element. Its diversity is based on the following: Carbon atoms bond reasonably strongly with other carbon atoms. Carbon atoms bond reasonably strongly with atoms of other elements.
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2.2: Atomic Structure
WebFigure 2.2.1 2.2. 1: The Structure of the Atom. Atoms have protons and neutrons in the center, making the nucleus, while the electrons orbit the nucleus. The modern atomic theory states that atoms of one element are the same, while atoms of different elements are different.
14.2: Acids: Properties and Examples
WebAcetylsalicylic Acid. Acetylsalicylic acid (also known as aspirin) is a medication used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation. Aspirin, in the form of leaves from the willow tree, has been used for its health effects for at least 2,400 years. Figure 14.2.5 14.2. 5: Ball-and-stick model of the aspirin molecule.
18.14: Aldehydes and Ketones
WebAldehydes are readily oxidized to carboxylic acids, whereas ketones resist oxidation. 18.14: Aldehydes and Ketones is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. The common names of aldehydes are taken from the names of the corresponding carboxylic acids: formaldehyde, …
5.7: Naming Ionic Compounds
WebA binary ionic compound is a compound composed of a monatomic metal cation and a monatomic nonmetal anion. The metal cation is named first, followed by the nonmetal anion as illustrated in Figure 5.7.1 5.7. 1 for the compound BaCl 2. The word ion is dropped from both parts. name of nonmetal anion + suffix -ide.
1.9: Essential Elements for Life
WebThe approximate elemental composition of a healthy 70.0 kg (154 lb) adult human is listed in Table 1.9.1 1.9. 1. Note that most living matter consists primarily of the so-called bulk elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur—the building blocks of the compounds that constitute our organs and muscles.
13.1: Amino Acids
WebEither structure is considered correct for an amino acid. Figure 13.1.1: An amino acid is an organic molecule that contains an amine group, a carbonyl group, and a side chain (R), all bonded to a central carbon atom. Amino acids can be shown with or without charges. These are equivalent structures. The amine and carboxyl groups of an amino acid
7.4: Acid-Base Neutralization
WebExample 7.4.6 7.4. 6: Predicting the outcome of a neutralization reaction. Write the balanced chemical equation for the neutralization of HCl with Mg (OH) 2. Hint: neutralization reactions are a specialized type of double replacement reaction. 2HCl + Mg (OH) 2 → Mg (Cl) 2 + 2H 2 O. Since HCl is a strong acid and Mg (OH) 2 is a strong base
14.6: Glycols and Glycerol
WebCommonly called glycerol or glycerin, 1,2,3-propanetriol is the most important trihydroxy alcohol. Like the two glycols, it is a sweet, syrupy liquid. Glycerol is a product of the hydrolysis of fats and oils. Ethylene glycol is the main ingredient in many antifreeze mixtures for automobile radiators. The two OH groups lead to extensive
29.8: Urine Composition and Function
WebUrine is a liquid byproduct of the body that contains various substances and reflects the health status of the individual. Learn about the composition and function of urine, how it is formed by the kidneys, and how it is affected by diet, hydration, and diseases. This LibreTexts article provides a comprehensive overview of urine chemistry and physiology.
3.5: Ionic Compounds- Formulas and Names
Web3.5: Ionic Compounds- Formulas and Names is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Chemists use nomenclature rules to clearly name compounds. Ionic and molecular compounds are named using somewhat-different methods. Binary ionic compounds typically consist of a metal …
8.1: Concentrations of Solutions
WebMass Percent. When the solute in a solution is a solid, a convenient way to express the concentration is a mass percent (mass/mass), which is the grams of solute per 100 g 100 g of solution. Percent by mass = mass of solute mass of solution × 100% (8.1.1) (8.1.1) Percent by mass = mass of solute mass of solution × 100 %.
1.8: Subatomic Particles
WebThe element carbon (\ (C\)) has an atomic number of 6, which means that all neutral carbon atoms contain 6 protons and 6 electrons. In a typical sample of carbon-containing material, 98.89% of the carbon atoms also contain 6 neutrons, so each has a mass number of 12.
1.4: Physical and Chemical Changes and Properties
WebIn each of these examples, there is a change in the physical state, form, or properties of the substance, but no change in its chemical composition. Figure 1.4.1 1.4. 1: (a) Wax undergoes a physical change when solid wax is heated and forms liquid wax. (b) Steam condensing inside a cooking pot is a physical change, as water vapor is changed
1.6: Functional Groups
WebIdentify the functional groups (other than alkanes) in the following organic compounds. State whether alcohols and amines are primary, secondary, or tertiary. Solutions to exercises. a) carboxylate, sulfide, aromatic, two amide groups (one of which is cyclic) b) tertiary alcohol, thioester. c) carboxylate, ketone.
8.6: Medical uses of radioisotopes
Webare short-lived or can be excreted from the body after use. Table 8.6.1 lists some radioisotopes commonly used in medical imaging. A low dose of the radioisotope is administered to a patient. The γ γ -rays cross over the body and are recorded like X-rays. A computer finally converts the recording into a useful image.
Chemistry in Sports, Physiology, and Health
WebChemistry explains or understands any subject in terms of the properties of atoms and molecules. Chemistry provides a unique perspective that complements many areas in sports and health. Exercise physiologists use VO max to determine the effectiveness of training for elite athletes, based on chemists' "gas laws" which show …
3.5: Ions and Ionic Compounds
WebKey Takeaways. Ions form when atoms lose or gain electrons. Ionic compounds have positive ions and negative ions. Ionic formulas balance the total positive and negative charges. Ionic compounds have a simple system of naming. Groups of atoms can have an overall charge and make ionic compounds.
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