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Health: Definition and Concepts

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.

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Public Health Economics

WebThe phrase ‘public health’ can be used to mean (1) population health, or (2) public policy intervention to prevent ill health. This article focuses on public health in the latter sense, …

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Community Health

WebThe term “community health” refers to the health status of a defined group of people, or community, and the actions and conditions that protect and improve the health of the …

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What Is the Impact of Health on Economic Growth

WebEconomic growth has shown equally impressive gains catapulting much of the world into higher income status with all of the associated consumption and health benefits that …

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Determinants of Health

Web1 Introduction. Economic researchers have long recognized the interplay between health and economic outcomes at both the macro and micro levels. Researchers have …

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Health Econometrics

WebThe econometric analysis of data on topics as diverse as health insurance, substance use, provider behavior, chronic disease, evaluation, market structures, regulation, medical …

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Macroeconomics of Health

WebMacroeconomics, which encompasses these and other factors, is thus increasingly important for health and health care, especially as economies become more integrated …

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Macroeconomic Dynamics of Health

WebMacroeconomic Dynamics of Health. The best known ‘facts’ about the macroeconomics of health are that rich nations are healthier and spend more on medical care than poor …

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Education and Health Relationships

WebIntroduction. Most people would not be surprised to learn that education is positively associated with health. This seems intuitive, and consistent with what is observed in …

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Health Care Demand

WebIntroduction. Economic theory provides a powerful but incomplete guide to the empirical determinants of health care demand. Health economists generally assume that the …

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Concepts of Efficiency in Health Care

WebTwo concepts are important for ensuring overall efficiency: production and allocative efficiency. Production efficiency addresses the issue of using optimal combinations of …

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Utilities for Health States

WebUtilities for Health States. For use in cost-utility or cost-effectiveness analysis (CUA or CEA), evaluations of health outcomes in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) …

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History of Health Insurance in The United States

WebMany Americans alive today were born before modern health insurance became available in the United States around 1930. Although brief, the history of health insurance in the …

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Nutrition, Health, and Economic Performance

WebHealth and nutrition outcomes are critical to the well-being of households and individuals and their economic productivity and prosperity. Although it seems evident that a …

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Production Functions for Medical Services

WebIn the general hospitals literature on production functions, researchers examine individual hospitals (or other medical entities such as practices) which maximize utility rather than …

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Modeling Cost and Expenditure for Healthcare

WebThere have been a substantial number of papers of econometric and statistical models for modeling healthcare costs and expenditures as a function of patient characteristics of …

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Evaluating Efficiency of a Health Care System

WebIt begins with a discussion of alternative techniques for measuring efficiency. Theoretical foundations are based on the pioneering work of Farrell (1957). Two alternative …

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