Neuro.psychiatryonline.org
The Dynamic Brain: Neuroplasticity and Mental Health
WebNeuroplastic Processes. A variety of processes and mechanisms are included under the umbrella term neuroplasticity. 16,17,20 These include the formation of new neurons and glial cells (neurogenesis), as well as formation of new connections and alterations in existing ones through multiple processes (e.g., synapse formation and …
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URL: https://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12050109
Neurobiology of Implicit and Explicit Bias: Implications for Clinicians
WebThere are many theories for how social decision making is accomplished in the brain. Both fast automatic processes (as described above) and higher-order reasoning processes that are slower and require cognitive effort can occur. 36,37 Many dual-system theories of decision making have hypothesized that emotion and reason are supported …
Functional Anatomy of Humor: Positive Affect and Chronic Mental …
WebW hile negative emotional states have been extensively studied, investigation of positive emotions is relatively new. 6 An evolutionary perspective on the value of emotions is potentially illuminating. The adaptive value of many negative emotions has been related to promoting fast and appropriate responding during high risk situations (fight or …
WINDOWS TO THE BRAIN
WebThe Dynamic Brain: Neuroplasticity and Mental Health. Jill L. Kays, Psy.D., Robin A. Hurley, M.D., Katherine H. Taber, Ph.D. Cover and FIGURE 1. It is now generally accepted that adult neurogenesis occurs in two locations in all mammals, including humans.1–5 Neurons born in the subventricular zone adjacent to the caudate (solid blue area
Ketone Bodies and Brain Metabolism: New Insights and …
WebThe brain accounts for only approximately 2% of total body weight. However, it consumes about 20% of the body’s energy, among the highest of all organs ().Brain energy metabolism (neuroenergetics) is an essential process for neural function and higher brain functions, such as memory and cognition ().The neuroenergetic requirements to …
The Medical Metaverse, Part 1: Introduction, Definitions, and New
WebThe “metaverse” was initially used in literature by the science fiction writer Neal Stephenson in his 1992 dystopian novel Snow Crash (8, 9).The metaverse denotes a digital platform as a new and alternative environment manifested through digital content delivered via advanced technological devices employing artificial intelligence (AI) ().This …
Toward an Understanding of Decision Making in Severe Mental …
WebIn this paper, a theoretical reconceptualization of some of the critical characteristics of severe mental illness is presented as an extension of previous conceptualizations that have focused on cognitive factors as central components of psychiatric disorders. 1 Psychiatric disorders are defined by abnormalities of thought, …
The Role of the Cerebellum in Cognition and Behavior
WebThe cerebellum has traditionally been seen primarily to coordinate voluntary movement, but evidence is accumulating that it may play a role in cognition and behavior as well. This is a selective review of studies assessing potential cognitive deficits and personality changes associated with cerebellar disease. Preliminary studies of the role of …
Are Behavioral Health Symptoms Associated with CTE
WebChronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that has been linked to serious psychiatric symptoms, including depression, aggression, and suicidal behavior. This review critically examines the extant research on the behavioral manifestations of CTE and concludes that the paucity of longitudinal prospective studies …
Vaping and the Brain: Effects of Electronic Cigarettes and E-Liquid
WebECs have several components, including a cartridge or “pod,” where the liquid solution containing nicotine, flavoring substances, and other chemicals is vaporized upon activation of an electronic heating element in the device that is triggered by inhalation ().The heating element is powered by a rechargeable lithium battery ().The consumer …
Anger and Depression in Middle-Aged Men: Implications for a …
WebObjective: In recent years, it has been proposed that problems with anger control and depression define clinical features of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The authors examined anger problems and depression in middle-aged men from the general population and related those findings to the proposed clinical criteria for CTE. Methods: …
Suicide and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy The Journal of
WebFor nearly 80 years, suicidality was not considered to be a core clinical feature of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In recent years, suicide has been widely cited as being associated with CTE, and now depression has been proposed to be one of three core diagnostic features alongside cognitive impairment and anger control problems. …
Can Traumatic Brain Injury Cause Psychiatric Disorders
WebTraumatic brain injury (TBI) may cause psychiatric illness. This article reviews the evidence on the basis of an established set of causation criteria. The evidence is convincing for a strong association between TBI and mood and anxiety disorders. Substance abuse and schizophrenia are not strongly associated with TBI, and there is …
Apathy and Pituitary Disease: It Has Nothing to Do With Depression
WebIncreasingly, patients with pituitary disease are evaluated and treated at cancer centers. In many ways, these patients resemble patients with other malignant brain tumors. Although the majority of pituitary adenomas are benign, the physical, emotional, and cognitive changes that these patients experience on their well-being is malignant. …
Fahr's Disease and Schizophrenia in a Patient With Secondary
WebCase Report. This white female with normal developmental milestones graduated from 8th grade at age 14 and married at age 15. At 26, she experienced severe auditory hallucinations, followed by tactile hallucinations, restlessness, paranoia, and bizarre somatic delusions.
Why We Still Use “Organic Causes”: Results From a Survey of
WebIt is fairly common to read, Rule out organic fi “ causes, or, Rule out organicity, as part of the differential ” “ ” diagnosis in a psychiatrists report or as the reason for a ’ consultation by psychiatry to internal medicine or neurol-ogy. This term is …
Consequences of Aggressive Behavior in Patients With Dementia
WebInclusion/Exclusion Criteria and Screening of Patients. Patients had to be at least 60 years old, with an initial outpatient diagnosis of one of these forms of dementia in the previous 12 months: 290.xx (dementias, including vascular dementia), 291.2 (alcohol-induced, persisting dementia), 292.82 (substance-induced persistent dementia), 294.1 …
Vitamin B12 Levels and Psychiatric Symptomatology: A Case Series
WebDiscussion. This report highlights the importance of assessment of Vitamin B 12 in patients with psychiatric illness. All patients presented with psychiatric symptoms alone, and were diagnosed to have coexistent vitamin B 12 deficiency only on subsequent evaluation. B 12 deficiency was suspected in these patients in view of their vegetarian …
Why We Still Use “Organic Causes”: Results From a Survey of
WebThe diagnostic category of “organic disorders” was officially removed from the psychiatric nosology in DSM-IV, published in 1994. Despite this change, physicians continue to use the term “organic causes” to refer to medical and neurological causes of psychiatric symptoms, and it remains part of the ICD-10 classification. In the context of increasing …
Psychiatric Manifestations in Wilson’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional
WebI n his initial monograph, Wilson described the behavioral aspects in eight out of the 12 patients with Wilson’s disease (WD), which he called “Psychical.” 1 As many as one third of these patients present with psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities and there are reports that all patients with Wilson’s disease have psychiatric symptoms.
Sexual Side Effects of Milnacipran
Webdecreased libido, ejaculation failure, testicular pain, and swelling, but none of theses sexual side effects have been reported. These side effects should be taken into consider-ation, and the patient should be edu-cated about them while prescribing milnacipran for depression or fibro-myalgia, as they can interrupt the continuity of treatment.
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