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Amendment IX: William Blackstone, Commentaries 1:120--41

WEBAmendment IX. Document 1. William Blackstone, Commentaries 1:120--41. 1765. For the principal aim of society is to protect individuals in the enjoyment of those absolute rights, …

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Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 (Commerce)

WEBArticle 1, Section 8, Clause 3 (Commerce) Document 16. Gibbons v. Ogden. 9 Wheat. 1 1824 . Mr. Chief Justice Marshall delivered the opinion of the Court, and, after stating …

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Union: George Washington, Circular to the States

WEB7. Union. CHAPTER 7 | Document 5. George Washington, Circular to the States. 8 June 1783 Writings 26:484--89 . When we consider the magnitude of the prize we contended …

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Article 2, Section 1, Clause 5

WEBArticle 2, Section 1, Clause 5. Document 2. Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution 3:§§ 1472--73. 1833 § 1472. Considering the nature of the duties, the …

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Fundamental Documents: Massachusetts Constitution

WEB1. Fundamental Documents [Volume 1, Page 11] CHAPTER 1 | Document 6. Massachusetts Constitution. 2 Mar. 1780 Handlin 441--72 . A CONSTITUTION OR …

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Equality: John Adams to Thomas Jefferson

WEBEquality. CHAPTER 15|Document 62. John Adams to Thomas Jefferson. 15 Nov. 1813 Cappon 2:397--402. We are now explicitly agreed, in one important point, vizt. That …

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Property: James Madison, Note to His Speech on the Right of …

WEBThe right of suffrage is a fundamental Article in Republican Constitutions. The regulation of it is, at the same time, a task of peculiar delicacy. Allow the right exclusively to property, …

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Fundamental Documents: Edmund Burke, Speech on Conciliation …

WEB1. Fundamental Documents. CHAPTER 1 | Document 2. Edmund Burke, Speech on Conciliation with the Colonies. 22 Mar. 1775 Works 1:464--71 . In this character of the …

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Epilogue: Securing the Republic

WEB18. Epilogue: Securing the Republic. CHAPTER 18 | Document 16. Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, Queries 14 AND 19, 146--49, 164--65. 1784. Another …

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Epilogue: Securing the Republic

WEB18. Epilogue: Securing the Republic. CHAPTER 18 | Document 33 [Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, et al.,] Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Fix the Site of the …

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Amendment I (Religion)

WEBAmendment I (Religion) Document 43. James Madison, Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments. 20 June 1785 Papers 8:298--304. To the Honorable the …

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Bill of Rights: Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776, Declaration of …

WEBBill of Rights. Document 5. Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776, Declaration of Rights. Thorpe 5:3082--84 . I. That all men are born equally free and independent, and have certain …

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Rights: Patrick Henry, Virginia Ratifying Convention

WEBPatrick Henry, Virginia Ratifying Convention. 5--16 June 1788 Storing 5.16.2, 24, 36--37. [ 5 June] A trifling minority may reject the most salutary amendments. Is this an easy mode …

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Constitutional Government: John Adams, Clarendon, no. 3

WEBJohn Adams, Clarendon, no. 3. 27 Jan. 1766 Papers 1:164--70. You are pleased to charge the Colonists with ignorance of the British constitution--But let me tell you there is not …

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Property: James Madison, Property

WEBJames Madison, Property. 29 Mar. 1792 Papers 14:266--68. This term in its particular application means "that dominion which one man claims and exercises over the external …

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Popular Basis of Political Authority

WEB2. Popular Basis of Political Authority. CHAPTER 2 | Document 1. John Locke, Second Treatise, §§ 4--15, 54, 119--22, 163. 1689. 4. To understand Political Power right, and …

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Rights: Massachusetts Ratifying Convention, Ratification and …

WEBRights. CHAPTER 14|Document 33. Massachusetts Ratifying Convention, Ratification and Proposed Amendments. 6 Feb. 1788 Elliot 2:176--78. The question being put, whether …

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Republican Government: Benjamin Rush to John Adams

WEBRepublican Government. CHAPTER 4|Document 30. Benjamin Rush to John Adams. 21 July 1789 Letters 1:522--24. From an unfortunate concurrence of circumstances, I find …

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Republican Government: John Locke, Second Treatise, §§ 95--99

WEBJohn Locke, Second Treatise, §§ 95--99. 1689. 95. Men being, as has been said, by Nature, all free, equal and independent, no one can be put out of this Estate, and subjected to …

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Article 1, Section 8, Clause 1

WEBArticle 1, Section 8, Clause 1. The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and …

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